Analyses of Studies on Environmental Problems in Primary School: A Meta-Synthesis Study

Abstract

This study aims to systematically analyze qualitative research conducted between 2003 and 2023 on environmental issues at the primary school level in Turkey through a meta-synthesis method. A total of 18 national studies—including 12 journal articles and 6 theses—were examined. Among the data collection tools used in these studies, interviews, student drawings, and documents were the most common. In terms of research design, phenomenology, case studies, and survey models were frequently employed. Content analysis was the predominant method used for data analysis.

The meta-synthesis findings indicate that fourth-grade primary school students and pre-service classroom teachers are the most frequently studied groups in the context of environmental education. The studies revealed that students tend to describe environmental problems based on their immediate surroundings, yet misconceptions regarding these issues are widespread. Moreover, the absence of environmental education as a standalone subject in the primary school curriculum is highlighted as a significant shortcoming. The studies commonly suggest that environmental education should begin at an early age, be approached in an interdisciplinary manner, and be supported by hands-on activities. Furthermore, it is recommended that teacher education programs be revised to enhance pre-service teachers’ awareness and perceptions regarding environmental issues.